Abiotic Stress: Interplay Between ROS Production and Antioxidant Machinery, Signaling, and ROS Homeostasis

Climate change poses a substantial threat to global crop yield. Moreover, production is likely reduce in the near future because of increasing average temperatures, widespread extreme climate events, and loss agricultural land. Abiotic stresses are major factors limiting growth development various crops worldwide. They cause buildup reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads cellular damage variety subcellular compartments plants. The metabolic rate ROS critical for yield, development, acclimation, survival under continuously changing environment. modulation enhancement expression genes that encode detoxifying enzymes commonly used increase tolerance against abiotic stresses. Under stressful conditions, however, both enzymatic nonenzymatic antioxidant systems maintain balance between elimination production. At low concentrations, play signaling role important biological processes, such as rapid cell differentiation. consequence toxicity ROS-activated triggered by activation pathways, MAPKS other calcium-dependent pathways. In this review, recent progress on unfavorable effects ROS, defense mechanisms participating detoxification stresses, cross-talk different pathways have been discussed. Furthermore, advancements molecular perspective ROS-mediated plants